How to save energy at your home !!!!....

Following are the some points which we have to remember at home for effective utilization of Energy & safety point of view.

1) Replace conventional bulbs with CFL - saves 60 to 80% , Rs 100 – 200 / Month.

2) Switch OFF toaster when not required – Saves 2 – 5 Units/ day. Rs 150 – 300 / Month

3) Use computer on power saving mode , put OFF monitor when not required – saves 2 - 5 units / Day. Rs 150 – 300 / Month.

4) Porperly close door of refrigrator.
Switch OFF Refrigerator when you are out of station. Saves Rs 150 to 200 / Month

5) Check tube of gas stove for cracks. Keep tube clean from particles of food. Rats can create leaks.

6) Always use three pin top with earthing

7) Keep floors clean & dry , avoid wet floors. – Protect yourself from sleep hazard

8) Use ceiling fans instead of table fans – avoid finger cuts , catching of cloths
DONOT USE - Table fan

USE - Ceiling fan---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ELECTRICAL SAFETY

~Every year, thousands of workers are electrocuted or suffer serious electrical shock on the job.
~Only 1.0 amp of electricity flowing through the human body two second can cause death.
~Electric fault has been the major cause of industrial fire & explosion for over a century.
~Electrical hazards have become a particular concern to both factories and households.

COMMON ELECTRICAL HAZARDS-
~Exposed Wiring / Damaged Live Cables
~No Earthing
~Overloading
~Without overcurrent protection
~Improper use of flexible cords
~Inadequate insulation

COMMON ADVERSE FEATURES FROM FACTORIES IN ASIA-

~Connections between cables are not soldered or mechanically fastened (Overheating Potential)
~Incorrect size fuses fitted.
~No earth conductors to power outlets.
~Cables with borderline power rating.
~Insufficient use of circuit breakers rather than fuses
~Some local electrical equipment is not reliable
~Exposure to vermin (eg. Rat) can be a problem.
~Mounting board made of combustible material (eg wood)
~Stacking against electrical panels/equipment
~Exposed wiring
~Abuse on usage of flexible cords
~Lacking or regular inspection & maintenance
~Unauthorised tampering wiring.

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS PREVENTION-

~Proper Wiring & Overcurrent Protection
~Earthing & Bonding
~Insulation
~Isolation
~Annual Thermographic Surveys
~Safe Work Practices

PROPER WIRING-

CABLES
~Should be protected by conduit, metal sheaths or trunking
~Connections between cables must be soldered or fastened
~Should be sized at least 120% of the sum of full load currents
~All electrical installations should be made in compliance with local requirements and recognition of international standards such as AS 3000, National Electrical Code (NEC) of NFPA or OSHA standards
~Protection measures against direct contact
~Power distribution systems must be equipped with overcurrent protection

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION COMMON MEANS-

~Fuses
~Circuit Breakers
~Ground-Fault Interrupter (GFI)

FUSES-

~Melt at a predetermined value of current & open the circuit
~Should be placed in the live conductor and never in the neutral conductor
~Overfusing should be avoided
~Not fast response and less reliable
~Simple wire fuses should never be replaced with copper wire -
DANGEROUS

CIRCUIT BREAKER-

~ Principle
-excess current detected electromagnetically
- automatically trips and cut off electricity supply
~Faster response and more reliable
~Difficult to tamper.

GROUND-FAULT INTERRUPTER (GFI) -

~Principle
[A differential transformer (torodial)]
Detects any current passing to ground through any path other than the proper conductor and trips and opens the circuit within 2.65 milliseconds
~Provides a good protection, as the majority of electric shock injuries occur when the body acts as conductor between line & earth
~Very fast response and sensitive device
~Commonly installed for socket outlet circuit & overhead line system

EARTHING AND BONDING-
~Eliminate a difference in electrical potential between a conductive object and the ground by connecting them
~Provide a path with lover resistance to the current than a person
(less than 2 ohms)
~All exposed metalwork which could become alive MUST be earthed

Bonding :
~Bonds all surfaces at the same grounded electrical potential
~Provides a ground-fault current path back to the source and the current will rise to a level high enough to blow the fuse or breaker
~Regular and frequent inspections / tests by competent person

INSULATION -

~Exposed live parts should be adequately insulated if at all possible
~Make use of insulating mats or gloves to protect against electric shock when working on a high voltage equipment
~Periodic examination of all insulating covers and devices

ISOLATION-

~All electrical equipment or apparatus that may require frequent attention must be capable of being completely isolated electrically
~Enclose & lock all power supplies to avoid accidental bodily contact